Imigodiziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zemishini, ezisebenza njengomgogodla osekela zonke izakhi zokudlulisela ngenkathi idlulisa i-torque kanye nezikhathi zokugoba. Ukwakhiwa kwe-shaft akumele kugxile kuphela ezicini zayo zomuntu ngamunye kodwa futhi kucabangele ukuhlanganiswa kwayo nesakhiwo sonke sesistimu ye-shaft. Ngokuya ngohlobo lomthwalo otholwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza nokudluliswa kwamandla, ama-shaft angahlukaniswa abe ama-spindles, ama-drive shaft, nama-shaft ajikelezayo. Angase futhi ahlukaniswe ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwe-axis yawo abe ama-shafts aqondile, ama-eccentric shafts, ama-crankshafts, nama-flexible shafts.
Ama-spindle
1.I-Spindle egxilile
Lolu hlobo lwe-spindle luthwala kuphela izikhathi zokugoba ngenkathi lusamile. Isakhiwo sayo esilula nokuqina okuhle kuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nama-ekseli webhayisikili.
2.I-Spindle ejikelezayo
Ngokungafani nokuphotha okungaguquki, ama-spindle ajikelezayo nawo anezikhathi zokugoba ngenkathi enyakaza. Zivame ukutholakala kuma-ekseli amasondo esitimela.
Shaft Shaft
Amashafu eDrayivu aklanyelwe ukudlulisa itorque futhi ngokuvamile made ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza. Ukuze uvimbele ukudlidliza okunzima okubangelwa amandla e-centrifugal, inqwaba ye-drive shaft isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo eduze komjikelezo wayo. Ama-drive shafts esimanje ngokuvamile asebenzisa imiklamo engenalutho, ehlinzeka ngesivinini esibucayi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namashafu aqinile, okuwenza aphephe futhi asebenzise izinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinsimbi zokushayela izimoto ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezingcwecwe zensimbi eziwugqinsi, kuyilapho izimoto ezisindayo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo.
I-Rotate Shaft
Amashafti ajikelezayo ahlukile ngoba abekezelela izikhathi zokugoba kanye nezokuzungeza, okuwenza abe ngenye yezingxenye ezivame kakhulu emishinini engumshini.
I-Shaft eqondile
Amashafu aqondile ane-eksisi ewumugqa futhi angahlukaniswa abe ama-optical shafts anezinyathelo. Amashadi aqinile ngokuvamile angcolisiwe, kodwa angaklanywa ukuthi abe nemigodi ukuze kwehliswe isisindo kuyilapho igcina ukuqina kanye nokuzinza kwe-torsional.
1.Optical Shaft
Ilula ngokwakheka futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza, la mashafu asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa.
2.I-Stepped Shaft
Ishafti elinesiphambano sobude obunyathelwe kubizwa ngokuthi i-shaft enesitebhisi. Lo mklamo wenza kube lula ukufakwa kanye nokumiswa kwezingxenye, okuholela ekusabalaliseni komthwalo ngokuphumelelayo. Nakuba ukwakheka kwayo kufana nokwebhamu elinamandla afanayo, inamaphuzu amaningi okugxilisa ingcindezi. Ngenxa yalezi zici, ama-shafts stepped asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kokudlulisela.
3.I-Camshaft
I-camshaft iyisici esibalulekile ezinjini ze-piston. Ezinjinini ezine-stroke, i-camshaft ivamise ukusebenza kuhhafu wejubane le-crankshaft, nokho isabambe isivinini esikhulu sokuzungeza futhi kufanele ibekezelele i-torque ebalulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, umklamo we-camshaft ubeka izidingo eziqinile emandleni ayo kanye namakhono okusekela.
Ama-Camshafts ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi eyisipesheli, nakuba amanye enziwa ngezinto ezibunjiwe ukuze aqine. Idizayini ye-camshaft idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenjini iyonke.
4.Spline Shaft
Ama-spline shaft aqanjwe ngokubukeka kwawo okuhlukile, afaka ukhiye we-longitudinal ebusweni bawo. Lezi zindlela zokhiye zivumela izingxenye ezijikelezayo ezifakwe ku-shaft ukuze kugcinwe ukuzungezisa okuvumelanisiwe. Ngaphezu kwaleli khono lokuzungeza, ama-spline shafts nawo anika amandla ukunyakaza kwe-axial, ngamadizayini athile ahlanganisa izindlela ezithembekile zokukhiya izinhlelo zokusebenza kumabhuleki namasistimu okuqondisa.
Okunye okuhlukile yi-telescopic shaft, equkethe amashubhu angaphakathi nangaphandle. Ishubhu langaphandle linamazinyo angaphakathi, kuyilapho ishubhu elingaphakathi linamazinyo angaphandle, eliwavumela ukuba ahlangane ndawonye ngaphandle komthungo. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ngokudlulisela i-torque ejikelezayo kodwa futhi unikeza amandla okunweba nenkontileka ngobude, okuwenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindleleni zokushintsha amagiya.
5.I-Gear Shaft
Uma ibanga ukusuka kusiyingi se-dedendum wegiya ukuya phansi kokhiye lincane, igiya ne-shaft kuhlanganiswe kube yiyunithi eyodwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-gear shaft. Le ngxenye yomshini isekela izingxenye ezijikelezayo futhi isebenza ngokubambisana nazo ukudlulisa ukunyakaza, i-torque, noma izikhathi zokugoba.
6.I-Worm Shaft
I-worm shaft ngokuvamile yakhiwa njengeyunithi eyodwa ehlanganisa kokubili isibungu kanye ne-shaft.
7.I-Hollow Shaft
Umphini oklanywe ngesikhungo esingenalutho waziwa ngokuthi umgodi ongenalutho. Lapho uthumela i-torque, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-shaft engenalutho luhlangabezana nengcindezi ephakeme kakhulu ye-shear, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwezinto. Ngaphansi kwezimo lapho umzuzu wokugoba wamashafti angenalutho naqinile ulingana, ama-shaft angenalutho anciphisa kakhulu isisindo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza.
I-Crankshaft
I-crankshaft iyingxenye ebalulekile enjinini, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngensimbi ye-carbon structural noma i-ductile iron. Inezigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile: ijenali eyinhloko kanye nejenali yenduku yokuxhuma. Ijenali eyinhloko igibele ibhulokhi yenjini, kuyilapho ijenali yenduku yokuxhuma ixhuma ekugcineni okukhulu kwenduku yokuxhuma. Ingxenye encane yenduku yokuxhuma ixhunywe ku-piston kusilinda, kwakha indlela yakudala ye-crank-slider.
I-Eccentric Shaft
I-eccentric shaft ichazwa njenge-shaft ene-eksisi engahambisani nendawo yayo. Ngokungafani nama-shafts ajwayelekile, okwenza ngokuyinhloko kube lula ukujikeleza kwezingxenye, ama-eccentric shafts ayakwazi ukudlulisa kokubili ukulinganisa nokuguquguquka. Ukuze kulungiswe ibanga eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwamashafti, ama-eccentric shafts avame ukusetshenziswa ezindleleni zokuxhumanisa ezihleliwe, njengamasistimu okushayela i-V-belt.
I-Flexible Shaft
Ama-flexible shafts aklanyelwe ukudlulisa i-torque nokunyakaza. Ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okugoba okuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwawo kwe-torsional, ama-shaft aguquguqukayo angakwazi ukuzulazula kalula phakathi kwezithiyo ezihlukahlukene, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elide phakathi kwamandla ayinhloko kanye nomshini osebenzayo.
Lawa mashafu enza kube lula ukudluliswa kokunyakaza phakathi kwezimbazo ezimbili ezinokunyakaza okuhlobene ngaphandle kwesidingo semishini yokudlulisela emaphakathi eyengeziwe, okuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zamabanga amade. Ukuklama kwabo okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi kunomthelela ekudumeni kwabo ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zemishini. Ukwengeza, ama-shaft aguquguqukayo asiza ukumunca ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka amathuluzi wamandla aphathwayo, amasistimu athile okudlulisa kumathuluzi omshini, ama-odometer, namadivayisi okulawula kude.
1.Amandla-Type Flexible Shaft
Amashafu aguquguqukayo ohlobo lwamandla afaka uxhumano olungaguquki ekugcineni kwelunga le-shaft elithambile, elifakwe umkhono oslayidayo ngaphakathi kwejoyinti yepayipi. Lawa mashafu aklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko ukudluliswa kwe-torque. Isidingo esiyisisekelo samashafu aguquguqukayo ohlobo lwamandla ukuqina okwanele kwe-torsional. Ngokuvamile, lezi shafts zihlanganisa izindlela eziphikisana nokuhlehla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwe-unidirectional. Isendlalelo sangaphandle sakhiwe ngocingo lwensimbi olunobubanzi obukhulu, futhi eminye imiklamo ayifaki induku ewumgogodla, ethuthukisa kokubili ukumelana nokugqokwa nokuguquguquka.
2.Control-Type Flexible Shaft
Amashafti aguquguqukayo ohlobo lokulawula aklanyelwe ukuhambisa ukunyakaza. I-torque abayidluliselayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ukunqoba i-torque ehlanganayo ekhiqizwa phakathi kwe-wire flexible shaft kanye nepayipi. Ngaphezu kokuba nokuqina okugoba okuphansi, lawa mashafu kufanele futhi abe nokuqina okwanele kwe-torsional. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-flexible shafts ohlobo lwamandla, ama-control-flexible shafts abonakala ngezici zawo zesakhiwo, ezihlanganisa ukuba khona kwenduku ewumgogodla, inani eliphakeme lezingqimba ezimazombezombe, nobubanzi bezintambo ezincane.
Isakhiwo se-Flexible Shaft
Amashafu aguquguqukayo ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa: i-wire flexible shaft, ijoyinti le-shaft eguquguqukayo, i-hose ne-hose joint.
1.Wire Flexible Shaft
I-wire flexible shaft, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-shaft eguquguqukayo, yakhiwe ngezingqimba eziningi zezintambo zensimbi eziboshwe ndawonye, zenze ingxenye eyisiyingi eyindilinga. Isendlalelo ngasinye siqukethe imicu eminingana yesilonda socingo ngesikhathi esisodwa, sinikeze isakhiwo esifana ne-multi-strand spring. Ungqimba olungaphakathi impela locingo luboshwe entongeni ewumgogodla, enezingqimba eziseduze eziboshwe ngezindlela eziphambene. Lo mklamo uvame ukusetshenziswa emishini yezolimo.
2.Flexible Shaft Joint
I-flexible shaft joint yakhelwe ukuxhuma i-shaft yokukhipha amandla ezingxenyeni zokusebenza. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhuma: okulungisiwe nokushelelayo. Uhlobo olungaguquki luvamise ukusetshenziselwa amashafu amafushane aguquguqukayo noma ezinhlelweni lapho irediyasi egobayo ihlala ingashintshile. Ngokuphambene, uhlobo lokuslayida lusetshenziswa lapho irediyasi yokugoba ihluka kakhulu phakathi nokusebenza, okuvumela ukunyakaza okukhulu ngaphakathi kwepayipi ukuze kuhambisane nezinguquko zobude njengoba ipayipi ligoba.
3.Ipayipi neHose Joint
I-hose, ebizwa nangokuthi i-sheath yokuvikela, isebenza ukuvikela i-shaft eguquguqukayo yocingo ekuxhumaneni nezingxenye zangaphandle, iqinisekisa ukuphepha komqhubi. Ukwengeza, ingagcina izinto zokugcoba futhi ivimbele ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-hose inikeza ukusekelwa, okwenza i-shaft eguquguqukayo ibe lula ukuphatha. Ngokuphawulekayo, i-hose ayijikelezi ne-shaft eguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, okuvumela ukusebenza okushelelezi nokusebenza kahle.
Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nemisebenzi yamashafti kubalulekile konjiniyela nabaqambi ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka ezinhlelweni zemishini. Ngokukhetha uhlobo lwe-shaft olufanele lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, umuntu angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwemishini. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezingxenye zemishini nezinhlelo zokusebenza, hlala ubukele izibuyekezo zethu zakamuva!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2024
