Ama-Shaftziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zemishini, ezisebenza njengomgogodla osekela zonke izinto zokudlulisa ngenkathi zidlulisa i-torque kanye nezikhathi zokugoba kwamabhere. Ukwakheka kweshafti akumele kugxile kuphela ezicini zayo zodwa kodwa futhi kucabangele ukuhlanganiswa kwayo nesakhiwo sonke sohlelo lweshafti. Kuye ngohlobo lomthwalo ohlangatshezwayo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kanye nokudluliselwa kwamandla, imishafti ingahlukaniswa ibe yizipini, imishafti yokushayela, kanye nemishafti ejikelezayo. Zingahlukaniswa futhi ngokususelwa esimweni sazo se-axis zibe yimishafti eqondile, imishafti engavamile, ama-crankshaft, kanye nemishafti eguquguqukayo.
Ama-spindle
1.Isipingi Esilungisiwe
Lolu hlobo lwe-spindle lubekezelela kuphela izikhathi zokugoba ngenkathi luhlala lungashukumi. Isakhiwo salo esilula kanye nokuqina okuhle kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni njenge-axles yebhayisikili.
2. I-Spindle Ejikelezayo
Ngokungafani nezipini eziqinile, izipini ezijikelezayo nazo zinezikhathi zokugoba ngenkathi zishukuma. Zivame ukutholakala kuma-axle amasondo esitimela.
Umgodi Wokushayela
Amashafti okushayela aklanyelwe ukudlulisa i-torque futhi ngokuvamile aba made ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudlidliza okukhulu okubangelwa amandla e-centrifugal, isisindo seshafti yokushayela sisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kumjikelezo wayo. Amashafti okushayela anamuhla avame ukusebenzisa imiklamo engenalutho, enikeza isivinini esiphezulu esibucayi uma kuqhathaniswa namashafti aqinile, okwenza aphephe futhi asebenzise kahle izinto. Isibonelo, amashafti okushayela ezimoto avame ukwenziwa ngamapuleti ensimbi aqinile ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho izimoto ezisindayo zivame ukusebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo.
Umgodi Ojikelezayo
Imiphini ejikelezayo ihlukile ngoba ibekezelela izikhathi zokugoba kanye nezokujika, okwenza ibe ngenye yezingxenye ezivame kakhulu emishinini yemishini.
Umgodi Oqondile
Amashafu aqondile ane-axis eqondile futhi angahlukaniswa ngamashafu abonakalayo nanezitebhisi. Amashafu aqondile ngokuvamile angcolile, kodwa angaklanywa ukuze anciphise isisindo ngenkathi egcina ukuqina nokuqina kokugoba.
1. Umgodi Wokukhanya
Ilula ngesimo futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza, le mishafu isetshenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseni.
2. Umgodi Onezitebhisi
Ishafti enesigaba esiqondile esinyathelisiwe ibizwa ngokuthi ishafti enyathelisiwe. Lo mklamo wenza kube lula ukufakwa nokubekwa kwezingxenye, okuholela ekusatshalalisweni komthwalo okuphumelelayo. Nakuba ukuma kwayo kufana nokwebhara elinamandla afanayo, inamaphuzu amaningi okugxila ekucindezelekeni. Ngenxa yalezi zici, ishafti enyathelisiwe isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokudlulisa.
3. I-Camshaft
I-camshaft iyisici esibalulekile ezinjinini ze-piston. Ezinjinini ezine-stroke ezine, i-camshaft ngokuvamile isebenza ngesigamu sejubane le-crankshaft, kodwa isagcina isivinini esiphezulu sokujikeleza futhi kumele ibekezelele i-torque enkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwe-camshaft kubeka izidingo eziqinile emandleni ayo okuqina kanye nokusekela.
Ama-camshaft ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi ekhethekile, yize amanye enziwe ngezinto ezibunjiwe ukuze kuqiniswe ukuqina. Ukwakheka kwe-camshaft kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenjini iyonke.
4. Umgodi we-Spline
Ama-spline shaft aqanjwe ngokubukeka kwawo okuhlukile, ane-longitudinal keyway ebusweni bawo. Lawa ma-key shaft avumela izingxenye ezijikelezayo ezifakwe ku-shaft ukuze zilondoloze ukujikeleza okuvumelanisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukwazi ukujikeleza, ama-spline shaft avumela nokunyakaza kwe-axial, kanti eminye imiklamo ifaka izindlela zokukhiya ezithembekile zokusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokubhuleka kanye nezokuqondisa.
Olunye uhlobo umshafu we-telescopic, oqukethe amashubhu angaphakathi nangaphandle. Ishubhu yangaphandle inamazinyo angaphakathi, kanti ishubhu yangaphakathi inamazinyo angaphandle, okuwavumela ukuthi alingane kahle. Lo mklamo awudlulisi nje kuphela i-torque ejikelezayo kodwa futhi unikeza ikhono lokunwebeka nokufinyela ubude, okwenza kube kuhle ukusetshenziswa ezindleleni zokushintsha igiya lokudlulisa.
5. Umgodi Wegiya
Uma ibanga elisuka embuthanweni we-dedendum wegiya liye phansi komgwaqo lincane, igiya kanye nomgodi kuhlanganiswe kuyunithi eyodwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi umgodi wegiya. Le ngxenye yomshini isekela izingxenye ezijikelezayo futhi isebenza ngokubambisana nazo ukudlulisa izikhathi zokunyakaza, i-torque, noma ukugoba.
6. Umgodi Wezimpethu
Umgodi we-worm ngokuvamile wakhiwa njengeyunithi eyodwa ehlanganisa kokubili i-worm kanye nomgodi.
7. Umgodi Ongenalutho
Umshafti owakhiwe ngesikhungo esingenalutho waziwa ngokuthi umshafti ongenalutho. Uma udlulisa i-torque, ungqimba lwangaphandle lomshafti ongenalutho lubhekana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kakhulu kokucheba, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kahle kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo lapho isikhathi sokugoba kwemishafti engenalutho neqinile silingana, imishafti engenalutho inciphisa kakhulu isisindo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza.
I-Crankshaft
I-crankshaft iyisici esibalulekile enjinini, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni noma insimbi ethambile. Inezingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile: ijenali eyinhloko kanye nejenali yenduku yokuxhuma. Ijenali eyinhloko ifakwe ebhulokini lenjini, kuyilapho ijenali yenduku yokuxhuma ixhumeka ekugcineni okukhulu kwenduku yokuxhuma. Ukuphela okuncane kwenduku yokuxhuma kuxhunywe ku-piston esilinda, kwakha indlela yakudala ye-crank-slider.
Umgodi Oqondile
Ishafti engavamile ichazwa njengeshafti ene-axis engahambisani nendawo yayo ephakathi. Ngokungafani nemishafti evamile, eqondisa kakhulu ukujikeleza kwezingxenye, imishafti engavamile iyakwazi ukudlulisa isilinganiso kanye nokujikeleza. Ukuze kulungiswe ibanga eliphakathi phakathi kwemishafti, imishafti engavamile ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindleleni zokuxhumanisa ezihleliwe, njengezinhlelo zokushayela i-V-belt.
Umgodi Oguquguqukayo
Amashafti aguquguqukayo aklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko ukudlulisa i-torque nokunyakaza. Ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okugoba okuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwawo okugobayo, amashafti aguquguqukayo angazulazula kalula ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukudlulisa ibanga elide phakathi kwamandla amakhulu nomshini osebenzayo.
Lezi zinduku zenza kube lula ukudlulisa ukunyakaza phakathi kwezinduku ezimbili ezinokunyakaza okulinganiselwe ngaphandle kwesidingo samadivayisi engeziwe okudlulisa aphakathi, okwenza zibe zilungele ukusetshenziswa okude. Ukwakheka kwazo okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi kunegalelo ekuthandweni kwazo ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinduku eziguquguqukayo zisiza ekubambeni ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zifaka phakathi amathuluzi kagesi aphathwa ngesandla, izinhlelo ezithile zokudlulisa kumathuluzi omshini, ama-odometer, kanye namadivayisi okulawula kude.
1. Umgodi Oguquguqukayo Wohlobo Lwamandla
Amashafti aguquguqukayo ohlobo lwamandla anoxhumano oluqinile ekugcineni kwejoyinti lomgodi othambile, afakwe umkhono oshelelayo ngaphakathi kwejoyinti lepayipi. Lawa mashafti aklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko ukudluliselwa kwe-torque. Isidingo esiyisisekelo samashafti aguquguqukayo ohlobo lwamandla ukuqina okwanele kokugoba. Ngokuvamile, lawa mashafti afaka izindlela zokulwa nokuhlehla ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okuqondile. Ingqimba yangaphandle yakhiwe ngentambo yensimbi enobubanzi obukhulu, futhi eminye imiklamo ayifaki induku eyinhloko, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuguquguquka.
2. Umgodi Oguquguqukayo Wohlobo Lokulawula
Amashafti aguquguqukayo ohlobo lokulawula aklanyelwe kakhulu ukudlulisa ukunyakaza. I-torque ayidluliselayo isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukunqoba i-torque yokungqubuzana ekhiqizwa phakathi kweshafti eguquguqukayo yocingo kanye nepayipi. Ngaphezu kokuba nokuqina okugobile okuphansi, la mashafti kumele futhi abe nokuqina okwanele kokugoba. Uma kuqhathaniswa namashafti aguquguqukayo ohlobo lwamandla, amashafti aguquguqukayo ohlobo lokulawula abonakala ngezici zawo zesakhiwo, ezifaka phakathi ukuba khona kwenduku eyinhloko, inani eliphakeme lezingqimba ezigoqayo, kanye nobubanzi obuncane bentambo.
Isakhiwo se-Flexible Shaft
Imishayo eguquguqukayo ngokuvamile yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana: ishafu eguquguqukayo yocingo, ijoyinti yomgodi eguquguqukayo, ipayipi kanye nejoyinti yepayipi.
1. Umgodi Oguquguqukayo Wezintambo
Umgodi oguquguqukayo wentambo, owaziwa nangokuthi umgodi oguquguqukayo, wakhiwe ngezendlalelo eziningi zocingo lwensimbi oluhlanganiswe ndawonye, lwakha ingxenye eyindilinga. Ingqimba ngayinye yakhiwa imicu eminingana yocingo oluhlanganisiwe ngasikhathi sinye, okwenza kube nesakhiwo esifana nesiphethu esinemicu eminingi. Ingqimba engaphakathi yocingo iboshwe izungeze induku eyinhloko, kanti izendlalelo eziseduze ziboshwe ngezindlela eziphambene. Lo mklamo uvame ukusetshenziswa emishinini yezolimo.
2. I-Flexible Shaft Joint
Ijoyinti yomgodi eguquguqukayo yenzelwe ukuxhuma i-shaft yokukhipha amandla ezingxenyeni ezisebenzayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhuma: egxilile neshelelayo. Uhlobo olugxilile luvame ukusetshenziselwa imishafti eguquguqukayo emifushane noma ezisetshenziswayo lapho i-radius yokugoba ihlala ingaguquki. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlobo olushelelayo lusetshenziswa lapho i-radius yokugoba ihluka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuvumela ukunyakaza okukhulu ngaphakathi kwe-hose ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokushintsha kobude njengoba i-hose igoba.
3. I-Hose kanye ne-Hose Joint
Ipayipi, elibizwa nangokuthi igobolondo elivikelayo, lisebenza ukuvikela ishafti eguquguqukayo yentambo ukuthi ingathintani nezingxenye zangaphandle, liqinisekisa ukuphepha komqhubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lingagcina amafutha futhi livimbele ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ipayipi linikeza ukwesekwa, okwenza ishafti eguquguqukayo ibe lula ukuyiphatha. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ipayipi alijikelezi neshafti eguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, okuvumela ukusebenza okubushelelezi nokusebenza kahle.
Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene nemisebenzi yemigodi kubalulekile konjiniyela nabaklami ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka ezinhlelweni zemishini. Ngokukhetha uhlobo lwemigodi olufanele lwezinhlelo ezithile, umuntu angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nobude besikhathi semishini. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezingxenye zemishini kanye nezinhlelo zazo zokusebenza, hlala ubukele izibuyekezo zethu zakamuva!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-15-2024
